Political parties notes and assignments

apgov/Political_Parties.md

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+# Political Parties
+
+### Linkage Instructions 
+channels that connect people with teh government
+### Robocalls
+prerecorded phone messaged delivered automatically to the large numper of people 
+### Platform
+list of beliefs and political goals
+### Republican Party Platform
+conservaitve doctrine. strong national defense, reduction of government spending, limited regulations
+### Democratic Party Platform
+agressive efforts for minority rights and stronger protections for the env. Democrats are more for government services for the cizenry and programs to solve public problems
+### National Convention
+gathering of party leaders to find the leaders of their groups for that election cycle
+### Candidate Recruitment
+some parties want people to just be their leaders because of their national regonition
+### Campaign Management
+people try to find people who will evangalize their canidate and then share thei ideology. 
+### Fundraising and Media Strategy
+most parties spend lots of money in order to win elections. such as spending on hotel, travel, advertizements, staff, etc
+### War Chest
+money they already have saved from their previous election gig/being popular enough
+### Social Media
+twitter, faceboo, instagram, youtube. Here people use this to spread their message to others on those platforms and to get donors and voters
+### Democratic National Comittee (DNC)
+for the democrats 
+### Republican National Committee (RNC)
+for the republicans
+### National Chairperson
+the person hwho is the cheif strategiest or spokesperson. tends to be the face of the party
+### Congressional Campaign Commitee in Congress
+members of congress who have permanent offices and try to recruit candidates and re-elect incumbents. Polls, help with fundraising etc.
+### Think as a Political Scientist
+describe with examples how political parties attempt to accomplish each of the following functions. 
+
+1. Moblize and aducate voters
+televison and social media are predominantly used
+2. Create platforms that define their ideas and goals
+use polling information in order to understand the issues that people feel are nimportant
+3. Recruitment candidates
+either the party wants people or the campaign comittee tries to have this coccur
+4. Manage Campaigns
+finances and etc are done by the campaign management who work on keeping the promotion going and get the right groups
+5. Provide Comittee and party leadership systems in the legislature
+this is where the spoils system gets into place?
+### Essential Question: What role does link intuitions play in political parties, and what effect do political parties have on the elaborate and government?
+1. How political Parties Connect Citizens to Government
+parties help organize people in order to make finding people you are more likely to agree with simpler. 
+2. Impact of political parties on government and Policy
+these types of parties also cause much polarization between the parties which leads to much more big swings between the administrations
+
+# Third-Party Politics 
+
+### Minor Parties
+not the big parites. Technically the current parties were not major when they started but have since become behemoths
+### Third Parties 
+Same thign as a minor party
+### Ideological Parties
+created because the people helieve in the same ideologies across multiple issues
+### Splinter Parties
+when large fraction of members break off from a major party. Pres. Teddy Roosevelt made a new party when the republicans did not accept him
+### Economic-Protest Parties
+parties taht are against one specific goal. Greenback party: opposed monopolies
+### Single-Issue Parties
+parties that are created arround one single issue. such as the prohibition party and the Green Party for enviornmentalists
+### Modern Third Parties
+many third parties do not get very far with the presidential elections because they do not have the same numbers as the major parites.
+
+only seem to take votes away from the major canidaites tightening up the races
+### Think as a Political Scientist:
+Read the popular vote election summaries and answer the questions that follow.
+1. What is one inference you can draw abou the impact of third-party candidates from the results of these presidential elections?
+the third party canidates have become less and less effective in capturing people's votes. As this has happened the margins that votes have happened in have increased for the majority parties significantly
+2. Why are third-party candidates not as successful as there in the examples above in most presidential elections?
+it is clear that with the extra division in the voting process the third party canidates have much higher difficulty with capturing the elector's votes
+3. Despite intitutional barriers to winning a presidential election, how do third parties influence elections
+they tend to influence the margins of the over competitions between the major parties. Stealing votes essentially which tightens up the races
+### Single-Member Districts
+it makes it such that there is a winner-take all system
+### Ballot Access
+independents often have diffuculties getting on the ballot itself. This requires a fee and minimum signatures. This is often much more difficult for the smaller third party parties
+### Winner-Take-All Voting System 
+the largest barrier of the voting system is by far the Electoral College. Here states give all of their votes to one canidates. Essential they do not share their votes for non major parites
+### Swing States
+states that could go either way in an election. Get the most attention ebcause they are are so contended. Often also called battleground states
+### Essential Question: How do structural barriers impact third-party and independent candidate's success?
+1. barriers ot candidate's or party's success
+everything. lol. but specifically much of the system we have developed in our country strongly favors a majority party
+2. Explanation of Limits
+???

apgov/Political_Parties_and_Realignment.md

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+# Political Parties and Realignment
+
+1. What similarities do you find regarding these elections?
+there are often only two political parties in the government
+2. What do you think caused some of the trends taht you observed? (historically, politically, socially, economically)
+gerneral shifts in the general view of the nation as well as 
+3. Define (in your own words) a critical or realigning election.
+critical: a election where people change who they vote for as they have a strong change in political views
+4. Based on what you have seen, has the country had similar elecitons since 1932? (look at the rest of the elections for trends) Can you find a modern election that follows the same trends?
+they had more democratic leaning elections since the that election because of the great depression
+5. Why do you think the country has not seen as many of these key elections since the 1932? Do you think this type of election could happen again?
+probably because we haven't had much of a war or economic issue that was as key of an election
+

apgov/Voter_Turnout.md

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+# Voter Turnout
+
+## Voting-Age Pop
+the people who are actually allowed to vote in elections based on age alone
+## Voter Turnout
+the percent of epopel who actually cast ballots
+## Voter Registration
+the process of enrolling in the electoral roll - in order ot maintain voter rolls and poll books
+## Precincts
+Different a group of 500-1000 people who are assigned a polling place..
+## Wards
+The larger group of precincts such as a county, city or town
+## Polling Place
+the location where the actual vote is cast (often a school or community center)
+## National Voter Registration Act(NVRA)/Motor-voter Law
+made it so that people who get a registration would be offered eligible citizens to vote. It also expanded places to register
+## Help America Vote Act (HAVA)
+imposed requirements on states to have national standards for voting
+## Australian Ballot
+a type of ballot used by australia in 1872 which made sure elections were fairer. Balots were printed and distributed at public expense, show all canidates names, be only available in polling places, and be completed in private. 
+## Provisional Ballot
+these ballots are set aside until the polling place can validate the person's registration
+## Absentee Ballot
+aka mail-in-ballots. Allowed people to vote remotely
+## Voting-Eligible Pop
+only 59.3% of the US population is actually eligible of entire US poplulation 
+## Midterm Elections
+the elections where contressional elections occur. often have super low voter turn out because they are between the presidential elections
+## Voter Apathy
+lack of concern for the election outcome which leads to people not voting
+## Political Efficacy
+the feeling of their vote not making much of a difference. 
+## Big Idea: Using various types of analyses, political scientists measure how U.S. political behavior, attitudes, ideologies, and instructions are shaped by a number of factors over time.
+
+## Gender Gap
+people vote differently based on gender. these types of trends also show up in federal elections as well
+## Gender Effect on Voter Choice 
+women tend to vote more democratic because they oppose harsh punishments and favor government welfare and are less war-prone
+## Age Effect on Voter Choice
+the voters as they get older tend to become more conservative and the younger thend to be more progressive. However turnout is much lower with younger voters
+## Race and Ethnicity Effect on Voter Choice (African Americans)
+african americans are more likely to be with democrats since 1932. they tend to vote more strongly feel that money should be spend in the country instead of abroad.
+## Race and Ethnicity Effect on Voter Choice (Hispanics)
+fastest growing minority in the US. tend to have lower percentage in turnout for voting. tend to side with the democrats on urban, minority and labor issues. However cuban americans go for republicans
+## Race and Ethnicity Effect on Voter Choice (Asian Americans)
+only 3 percent of the us voting population. Tend to be republican because their belifs tend to align well
+## Think as a Political Scientist:
+Use the information in the table to answer the questions that follow.
+### Which group has seen the largest increase in Voter turnout in the 21st century?
+the largest increase was the hispanic voters who almost doubled the nuymber of total cast votes in comparison to other groups
+### Which group has seen the largest decrease in voter turnout in the 21st century?
+the largest decrease in voters was by far the whites who had a change from the previous election of -2000 votes
+### What factors can account for the changes in voter turnout?
+the changes for this can be because 2012 was a mid-term election which typically has a lower voter turnout altogether
+### What conclusions can be made from the data presented?
+it is clear that in total the net change in total cast votes have tapered off in a logistic function where we are reaching diminishing returns using our current system.
+## Religous Effect on Voter Choice (Evangelicals)
+tend to have conservative belifs and therefore have become the religous right
+## Religous Effect on Voter Choice (Catholics)
+have historically been democrats but are much more diverse now-a-days
+## Religous Effect on Voter Choice (Jews)
+tehdnto vote in large numbers and mostly democrats
+## Voter Turnout Among Blocs Chart Summary
+Citizens have a turnout of 61 percent but of that the people 65 and older have the highest turnout of any group with 73 percent and the lowes tis the hispanics and latino voters with 38 percent of voters
+## Essential Question: What roles do individual choice and state laws play in voter turnout?
+
+1. Charecteristics that Influence Voter Choice
+basically everything influences a person's vote
+2. State laws that Influence Voter turnout
+motor-voters law, hava